What  is  a  Word  Through  the  View  of  the  Direct  Formal-Logical Description of

The Georgian   Language

K. Pkhakadze,  M. Ivanishvili

 Institute of Applied Mathematics at  Tbilisi State University,  2 University  str.,  0143

Institute of Oriental Studies at Georgian Academy of Sciences,  3 Tsereteli str.,  0143

 Tbilisi ,     Georgia

e-mail: Pkhakadz@ viam.hepi.edu.ge

    The  exact  definitions  of  a  word,  syntagma and  sentence  are the basic  problems  for  the  linguistics but they represent the different level of this theoretical system..What  is the word? What kind of relationship manifests it with other  words, i.e. what kind of syntagmas are made by them within the given language system?  If we  have the answers on the questions then the problem of a sentence will be solved immediately.

    The Direct Formal-Logical Description (DFLD) of the words of vocabulary of the Georgian Natural Language System (GNLS)  gives us the possibility to construct its isomorphic Georgian Natural Formal Language where the sentences are considered as formulas constructed by the already directly described words. The direct formal-logical description of the Georgian language shows us that the Georgian words are the Frege’s types symbols  (signs). So, they are described by their placeness  (i.e. arity), by the types of their places and  by the type of value of this word-operator.

      The placeness of any taken word of GNLS are defined in accordance   with the morphologicall realized syntactic property of this  word  by  virtue of  which it makes syntactic pair with other words of  GNLS. The type of places of any taken word are defined in accordance with the type of that word with which this place of this word makes syntactic pair. The type of value of any taken word-operator is defined by the type of the result expression of the operating of this word-operator on its word-argument. We mean, that according to Herbrand Strong formal approaches the type of any result expression, i.e. the type of any syntactically composed expression is defined by itself. It means, That in our formalism we have the non-composed, i.e.  basic, i.e. primitive, i.e. word types ( These non-composed types are given by the DFLD of the words of GNLS), but any syntactically composed type is a definitely constructed form by these basic types. In other words, any non-word type is the formula constructed by the described word types.

     So, in the formalism which was got from the GNLS by the DFLD, unlike  from          the Montague’s formalism, we are not based on the Church’s  abstractor and therefore, in our formalism, the sentence type is not the basic i.e. the under analysing type.

HOME